Walter Schirra? Alan Shepard? John Glenn? Wernher von Braun? Gus Grissom? Gordon Cooper? Edward R. Annis? Apocryphal?
Question for Quote Investigator: : A U.S. astronaut was asked how he felt while sitting in a space capsule while preparing for launch from Earth into orbit. He replied with a trenchant comment about equipment and contracts. Here are two versions:
(1) Everything that makes this thing go was supplied by the lowest bidder.
(2) My life depended on 150,000 pieces of equipment – each bought from the lowest bidder.
Would you please explore the provenance of this family of remarks?
Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match found by QI appeared on November 26, 1962 within the trade journal “Purchasing Week” of New York which printed an anecdote from Edward R. Annis who was the incoming president of the American Medical Association. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:1
Annis says he was being shown through Cape Canaveral last summer during the countdown for astronaut Walter Schirra’s six-circuit orbit of the earth. The medical team introduced Annis to Schirra, and the doctor asked the astronaut what concerned him most. After a moment’s thought, Annis says, Schirra replied: “Every time I climb up on the couch I say to myself—just think, Wally, everything that makes this thing go was supplied by the lowest bidder.”
On the same day an article with an identical quotation ascribed to Schirra from Annis appeared in the trade journal “Electrical Merchandising Week” of New York.2
On December 1, 1962 “The Saturday Review” printed a piece by Cleveland Amory who attended the recent convention of the Public Relations Society of America held in Boston. Amory heard the anecdote told by Annis during the convention. The phrasing of the quotation was a bit different:3
Dr. Annis also told us of visiting Astronaut Walter Schirra, Jr., shortly after his orbital flight at Cape Canaveral. What, he asked Schirra, was he thinking at the exact moment of blast-off? “Well,” replied Schirra, “I was looking down at all that machinery and equipment and rockets and things under me, and I thought, ‘Just think—all that power was assembled by the lowest bidder.'”
Walter Schirra is the leading candidate for founder of this family of sayings. Several other astronauts have received credit for remarks in this family, and QI conjectures that colleagues in the space program shared the quip with one another.
Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.
On April 26, 1963 a columnist in a Bryan, Texas newspaper printed a remark ascribed to astronaut Alan Shepard although the word “supposedly” was used to signal uncertainty. Shepard was the first American to travel into space:4
Here’s one of the comments Astronaut Alan Shepard supposedly made before he crawled into his space capsule for the first trip into outer space by an American: “Just think, the contract on this thing went to the lowest bidder.”
A few days later, on May 1, 1963 a columnist in an Amarillo, Texas newspaper printed a more elaborate quip ascribed to John Glenn who was the first American to orbit the Earth:5
Astronaut John Glenn is supposed to have said: “My life depended on 150,000 pieces of equipment – each bought from the lowest bidder.”
On May 9 1963 the “St. Louis Post-Dispatch” St. Louis, Missouri reported an anecdote told by the famous rocket engineer Wernher von Braun about an unnamed astronaut:6
Wernher von Braun, director of Marshall Space Flight Center at Huntsville, Ala., discussing the necessity of quality and reliability in manufacturing of components, materials and design, said that “to create a product which we can commit to the rigors of space, we must do more than that which we can describe in specifications and procedures.
“There is an unconfirmed story about one of our astronauts being asked by a newspaper man how it felt to be in orbit,” he said. “He replied, ‘Well, how does it feel when you know your life depends on 150,000 parts all bought from the lowest bidder?'”
On June 1, 1963 gossip columnist Betty Beale wrote about a cocktail party in Washington D.C. hosted by NASA Administrator James E. Webb and his wife. During the gathering Von Braun relayed the joke to astronaut Scott Carpenter:7
Rocket expert Wernher von Braun amused Scott Carpenter at the Webb party with an astronaut story.
Seems that a newsman asked one of the astronauts, “How does it feel to be out there whirling around in space in a capsule?” And the astronaut replied: “Well, how do you think it feels when your life depends on 150,000 parts borrowed from the lowest bidder?”
In August 1963 a version of the joke ascribed to Glenn appeared in an advertisement for a cement company in a Louisiana newspaper:8
John Glenn told a news conference his last thought before blastoff was, “I sure wish this rocket hadn’t been built by the lowest bidder.”
In December 1964 “The New York Times” published an instance with an ambiguous ascription to Shepard or Glenn:9
One of the astronauts, incidentally, is the subject of what appears to be a favorite anecdote on the Cape. It has to do with Alan Shepard or John Glenn—depending on who is telling it—after he had spent hours in the capsule atop the launcher before it finally got off. Asked what he had thought about during the wait, the astronaut replied, “I just kept looking around at all those dozens of instruments in front of me and reminding myself that every one was supplied by the lowest bidder.”
In April 1965 an instance was credited to astronaut Gus Grissom who later died in a tragic fire during a pre-launch test in 1967:10
From space man Gus Grissom, as he orbited around the earth in his space capsule: “I shudder to think, this thing was built by the lowest bidder.”
In May 1965 the expression was linked to Gordon Cooper:11
… Gordon Cooper, Air Force major who, in the middle of an orbital flight, succumbs to thoughts like “I’m now in a capsule built by the lowest bidder”…
In 1998 an interviewer spoke to John Glenn about the early days of the space program, and he reminisced:12
On Feb. 20, 1962, he became the first American to orbit Earth. He also was the first to ride the new Atlas rocket, which had a disconcerting habit of blowing up about 40 percent of the time.
Glenn still jokes about it.
“I felt exactly how you would feel if you were getting ready to launch and knew you were sitting on top of two million parts — all built by the lowest bidder on a government contract.”
The 1998 movie “Armageddon” included a version of the quip spoken during a scene depicting a rocket launch. The line was delivered by Steve Buscemi who played the character Rockhound. The screenplay writers were Jonathan Hensleigh and J.J. Abrams, and the adaption was performed by Tony Gilroy and Shane Salerno:13
You know we’re sitting on four million pounds of fuel, one nuclear weapon and a thing that has 270,000 moving parts built by the lowest bidder. Makes you feel good, doesn’t it?
In conclusion, the earliest known citation credits Walter Schirra with a statement in this family of sayings, and Schirra is the top candidate for originator. Alan Shepard, John Glenn, and other astronauts have also received credit for instances. The version specifying “150,000 pieces of equipment” was probably crafted by Glenn.
Image Notes: Astronaut Alan Shepard in a pressure suit test in 1961 (NASA picture). The image has been cropped ad resized.
Acknowledgement: Great thanks to Austin Kleon and Karin L. Kross whose inquiry and comment led QI to formulate this question and perform this exploration. Kleon pointed to a quotation attributed to John Glenn. In addition, quotation expert Nigel Rees relayed a request in the July 2017 issue of his periodical “The ‘Quote…Unquote’ Newsletter”. Rees pointed out the attribution to Walter Schirra in the October 2017 issue of the newsletter. David Critchlow wanted a trace of the statement: “every item of work and materials in his space shuttle was the result of the cheapest offer”.
Special thanks to Barry Popik for his pioneering research on this topic. He found citations beginning on July 7, 1966. Popik later updated his article with an excellent citation in the “Los Angeles Times” dated December 14, 1962 which attributed an instance to Schirra. Also, thanks to Jonathan Lighter who asked about a related military expression: “Always remember: your equipment was made by the lowest bidder”. Additional thanks to Thomas Fuller for locating a citation and asking about this topic. Further thanks to Robert Feltus who told QI about the line in the movie “Armageddon”. Additional thanks to Brian Chapman who told QI about citations containing attributions to Walter Schirra dated December 1, 1962 and December 14, 1962.
Update History: On August 6, 2017 the citation for “Armageddon” was added. On April 15, 2025 the format of the bibliographical notes was updated. On May 8, 2025 two citations dated November 26, 1962 and a citation dated December 1, 1962 were added to the article. The introduction and the conclusion was revised.
- 1962 November 26, Purchasing Week, Purchasing Perspective, Start Page 1, Quote Page 37, Column 4, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York. (Verified with scans) ↩︎
- 1962 November 26, Electrical Merchandising Week, The story behind the story by Caswell Speare, Quote Page 33, Column 1, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York. (Verified with scans) ↩︎
- 1962 December 1, The Saturday Review, First of the Month by Cleveland Amory, Start Page 6, Quote Page 6, Column 2, Saturday Review Associates, New York. (Unz) ↩︎
- 1963 April 26, The Bryan Daily Eagle, Eagle Items by Brett Martin, Quote Page 2, Column 4, Bryan, Texas. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
- 1963 May 1, The Amarillo Globe-Times, Putting Around Curtis with Putt Powell, Quote Page 15, Column 1, Amarillo, Texas. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
- 1963 May 9, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, NASA Official Tells How To Win Contracts by Sam B. Armstrong (National Correspondent of The Post-Dispatch), Quote Page 7A, Column 1 to 3, St. Louis, Missouri. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
- 1963 June 1, The News Journal, Washington Social Whirl: Capital Notables Play Host To Astronaut Gordon Cooper by Betty Beale, Quote Page 20, Column 1, Wilmington, Delaware. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
- 1963 August 25, Lake Charles American-Press, Sometimes Western Misses Out on Cementing Jobs Because We Place Accuracy Above Simply Getting Work, (Advertisement for The Western Company of Lafayette, Louisiana), Quote Page 33, Column 1, Lake Charles, Louisiana. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
- 1964 December 13, New York Times, Visit to the Three Cape Kennedys: Visit to the Three Cape Kennedys by Robert G. Whalen, Start Page SM34, Quote Page SM110, New York. (ProQuest) ↩︎
- 1965 April 21, The Ottawa Journal, Below the Hill by Gord Lomer, Quotable Quotes, Quote Page 17, Column 7, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
- 1965 May 7, Muncie Evening Press, A Washington Attorney and His Astronauts: Part One by Jim Bishop, Quote Page 4, Column 7, Muncie, Indiana. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
- 1998 October 25, Sunday Southern (The Southern Illinoisan), Rocket man by Michael Cabbage (The Orlando Sentinel), Quote Page 1D, Column 3, Carbondale, Illinois. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
- YouTube video, Title: Armageddon – Lowest bidder, Uploaded on Feb. 20, 2011, Uploaded by: golivebutton, (Quotation starts at 0 minute 3 seconds of 0 minutes 17 seconds) (Video excerpt from the 1998 movie Armageddon. The character Rockhound played by Steve Buscemi delivers the line) (Accessed on youtube.com on August 6, 2017) link ↩︎