Quote Investigator® – Tracing Quotations

Quote Origin: He Is the Only Genius with an IQ of 85

Gore Vidal? Andy Warhol? Peter Conrad? Apocryphal?

**Illustration depicting soup cans branded with Andy Warhol’s name**

Question for Quote Investigator: A U.S. intellectual once offered the following remarkably harsh assessment of a famous pop-artist:

He is the only genius with an IQ of 60.

Reportedly, the verbal sharpshooter was Gore Vidal, and the visual artist was Andy Warhol. The precise number specified for the IQ varied in different versions of this quip. I have never seen a solid citation. Would you please explore this topic?

Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match found by QI appeared in “The Transatlantic Review” of Salisbury, England in 1975. The team of Victor Bockris and Andrew Wylie interviewed Gore Vidal who delivered the provocative comment. Boldface has been added to excerpts by QI:¹

What do you think of the intelligence of Andy Warhol?

I have said of him, and it has been much quoted, that he is the only genius with an IQ of 85. And I don’t mean that in a necessarily pejorative way; the emphasis is more on the genius than the lowness of his IQ. He is sort of a cultural litmus paper. He was the first person to realise that modern art, the visual arts, was shit. And he proved it in a rather marvelous way; he just sent it all up, and he got away with it. Which makes it a double victory.

The phrasing used by Gore Vidal suggested that he had made this remark previously, but QI has not yet found any earlier matches. The citation above provided strong evidence because the quotation was spoken directly by Gore Vidal.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: Books Will Not Exist in About Five Years

Nicholas Negroponte? M. G. Siegler? William Deresiewicz? Apocryphal?

**Picture of a group of books from Unsplash**

Question for Quote Investigator: Predicting the technological future is extremely difficult. More than a decade ago Nicholas Negroponte, the head of the MIT Media Lab, predicted that books would not exist in about five years. He meant that the popularity of paper books would decline, and ebooks would predominate globally. Would you please help me to find a citation?

Reply from Quote Investigator: In August 2010 Nicholas Negroponte participated in a panel titled “What Technology Wants vs. What People Want” at the Techonomy conference. Negroponte made a provocative prediction about the future of books. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:¹

Can I give you an example of a technological inevitability that most people are appalled by, and that is that books will not exist in about five years.

Negroponte was not claiming that paper books would disappear. He believed that paper books would survive, but they would be eclipsed by digital books. He said:

As a luxury medium in the developed world, the same way we go to opera, and so on, physical books will survive, and they’ll have a long life.

Negroponte argued that numerous digital books could be stored on inexpensive laptop computers and shipped around the world. Thus, the economic efficiency of digital books was superior:

… when we ship one of these (laptops) into a village it has a hundred books in it. Then when we ship a hundred of them into a village what people don’t realize is that they each have a hundred different books. So that’s ten thousand books in that village. You and I didn’t have ten thousand books when we went to primary school.

Negroponte also presented an analogy between the paper format of books and the film format of photographs:

In the same way that film back in the late 80s was inevitably going to go away … we can predict that books will do the same …

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: No One Needs a Vacation So Much as the Person Who Has Just Had One

Elbert Hubbard? Mary Sargent Hopkins? Anonymous?

**La Merenda (The Snack) painted by Elin Danielson-Gambogi circa 1904**

Question for Quote Investigator: Vacations with full itineraries can be exciting and exhausting. Here are two versions of a pertinent quip:

(1) One never needs a vacation so much as the day after returning from one.
(2) The man who most needs a vacation is the man who has just had one.

This humorous remark has been attributed to U.S. writer and publisher Elbert Hubbard, but I have not seen a citation. Would you please explore this topic?

Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match found by QI appeared in 1899 within “The Boston Cooking-School Magazine”. The journalist Mary Sargent Hopkins published a piece titled “Out-of-Doors for the Home-Maker” which included an instance. Hopkins disclaimed credit for the remark and used the label “old saying”. Thus, the originator was anonymous. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:¹

Too often vacation means an annual trip somewhere, but rest is found nowhere. The last remnants of strength have been used in the preparation, and the whole endeavor absorbs more vitality than can be regained by the change.

There is an old saying that one never needs a vacation so much as the day after returning from one.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: A Bore Is a Person Who Deprives You of Solitude Without Providing You with Company

Oscar Wilde? Gian Vincenzo Gravina? John D. MacDonald? Roger Ebert? Paul Gibson? Marcel Proust? Anonymous?

**Painting titled “Solitude” by Frederic Leighton circa 1890**

Question for Quote Investigator: A clever person constructed the following definition:

A bore is a person who deprives you of solitude without providing you with company.

This remark has been attributed to Irish wit Oscar Wilde, Italian man of letters Gian Vincenzo Gravina, U.S. thriller writer John D. MacDonald, and movie critic Roger Ebert. I have never seen a solid citation. Would you please explore this topic?

Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match found by QI appeared in the periodical “Reader’s Digest” in March 1949 within a section of miscellaneous sayings called “Quotable Quotes”. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:¹

Gian Vincenzo Gravina, contemporary Italian author: A bore is a man who deprives you of solitude without providing you with company.

The entries printed on the “Quotable Quotes” page were sent to “Reader’s Digest” by readers who were compensated. The quotations were not verified by the magazine; hence, misquotations sometimes appeared.

Gian (Giovanni) Vincenzo Gravina was the name of a prominent Italian jurist and author who died in 1718. Thus, the claim that Gravina was a “contemporary Italian author” was odd. Perhaps, Giovanni Vincenzo Gravina was a pseudonym used by a contemporary author.

Oscar Wilde died in 1900. He implausibly received credit in 2008. John D. MacDonald used the expression in a 1974 novel, but he credited Gravina. Roger Ebert used the saying in 1976, but he credited John D. MacDonald.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: Love Is the Crowning Grace of Humanity, the Holiest Right of the Soul, the Golden Link Which Binds Us to Duty and Truth

Francis Petrarch? Plutarch? Henry Theodore Tuckerman? Frederick Saunders? Apocryphal?

**Painting “The Fountain of Love” by François Boucher circa 1748**

Question for Quote Investigator: The following ornate passage about love has been attributed to Francis Petrarch, a prominent poet of the Italian Renaissance:

Love is the crowning grace of humanity, the holiest right of the soul, the golden link which binds us to duty and truth.

I am skeptical because I have never seen a solid citation. Would you please explore the provenance of these words?

Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match found by QI appeared in 1845 within “The American Review: A Whig Journal of Politics, Literature, Art, and Science”. Essayist Henry Theodore Tuckerman published a piece about the sonnets composed by Francis Petrarch. In the following passage, Tuckerman was not presenting a direct quotation from Petrarch; instead, Tuckerman was delivering his own summary opinion:¹

Love, Petrarch maintains, is the crowning grace of humanity, the holiest right of the soul, the golden link which binds us to duty and truth, the redeeming principle that chiefly reconciles the heart to life, and is prophetic of eternal good. It is a blessing or a bane, a weakness or a strength, a fearful or a glorious experience, according to the soul in which it is engendered. Let us endeavor to define its action and vindicate its worth, as set forth in the Sonnets of Petrarch.

QI believes Henry Theodore Tuckerman deserves credit for the quotation under examination although Tuckerman was attempting to depict the thoughts of Petrarch.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: Being Powerful Is Like Being a Lady. If You Have To Tell People You Are, You Aren’t

Jesse Carr? Margaret Thatcher? Anonymous?

**The Political Lady (L’Ambitieuse) painted by James Tissot circa 1885**

Question for Quote Investigator: Positive self-descriptions are sometimes inaccurate. Here are three versions of a saying which illustrates this insight:

(1) Power is like being a lady—if you have to tell them you are, you ain’t.

(2) Being powerful is like being a lady. If you have to tell people you are, you ain’t.

(3) Being powerful is like being a lady. If you have to tell people you are, you aren’t.

In this context, the term “lady” means a woman of refinement or superior social status. This remark has been attributed to U.S. labor union leader Jesse Carr and U.K. Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Would you please explore the provenance of this saying?

Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match found by QI appeared in the “Fairbanks Daily News-Miner” of Fairbanks, Alaska in October 1975. The words were attributed to Jesse Carr, but the quotation was indirect. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:¹

A friend of Jesse L. Carr says the Teamster leader has a saying that goes, “Power is like being a lady—if you have to tell them you are, you ain’t.”

The next earliest citation known to QI appeared in “Newsweek” magazine in September 1976. The statement was presented as a direct quotation from Carr at the beginning of an article about the labor leader:²

“Being powerful is like being a lady. If you have to tell people you are, you ain’t …
— Jesse Carr, head of Teamsters Union Local 959, Anchorage

Based on the citations listed above, QI believes that Jesse Carr deserves credit for this remark. The version in “Newsweek” is probably the most accurate. Margaret Thatcher received credit by 1984, but the saying was already in circulation. Also, QI has not found any citation displaying a direct quotation from Thatcher.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: Sure, He Was Great, But Don’t Forget That Ginger Rogers Did Everything He Did Backwards and in High Heels

Ginger Rogers? Ann Richards? Bob Thaves? Ronald Reagan? Faith Whittlesey? Liz Carpenter?

**Picture of a couple dancing from Unsplash**

Question for Quote Investigator: The U.S. entertainer Fred Astaire won high praise as a magnificent dancer. Astaire’s partner Ginger Rogers also achieved acclaim, but she did not achieve the same level of celebrity. A humorous feminist line compares the capabilities of the two:

Of course, Fred Astaire was a wonderful dancer, but Ginger Rogers did everything he did backwards and in high heels.

I do not know the exact phrasing. This line has been credited to Texas politician Ann Richards, cartoonist Bob Thaves, U.S. President Ronald Reagan, and Ginger Rogers herself. I have not seen a solid citation. Would you please explore the provenance of this remark?

Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match known to QI appeared on May 3, 1982, in the comic strip “Frank & Ernest” by Bob Thaves. The strip showed three characters looking at a sign for a “Fred Astaire Film Festival”. One character says the following:¹

SURE HE WAS GREAT, BUT DON’T FORGET THAT GINGER ROGERS DID EVERYTHING HE DID, … BACKWARDS AND IN HIGH HEELS.

QI believes that Bob Thaves is the most likely creator of this quip. Ronald Reagan used a version of the line during a speech in 1986. Ann Richards used a version during a speech in 1988.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quip Origin: Nothing Is Impossible for the Person Who Doesn’t Have To Do It Himself

A. H. Weiler? Earl Wilson? Mitch Miller? Anonymous?

**Picture of an incomplete jigsaw puzzle from Unsplash**

Question for Quote Investigator: Grandiose managers brag of the monumental tasks they can accomplish. This unrealistic attitude is reflected in a quip:

Nothing is impossible for the man who doesn’t have to do it himself.

Newspaper editor A. H. Weiler has received credit for this joke, but I have never seen a solid citation. Would you please explore this topic?

Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match known to QI appeared in July 1954 within the investment magazine “Changing Times: The Kiplinger Magazine”. The quip was grouped with miscellaneous humorous statements, and no ascription was specified. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:¹

Nothing is impossible to the chap who doesn’t have to do it himself.

Thus, the creator remains anonymous. A. H. Weiler received credit in 1968, but the long delay reduced the credibility of the attribution.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: It Is Questionable If All the Mechanical Inventions Yet Made Have Lightened the Day’s Toil of Any Human Being

John Stuart Mill? Henry George? Herbert Vincent Mills? Apocryphal?

Question for Quote Investigator: Numerous labor-saving machines were designed and built in the nineteenth century, but a prominent political economist was unimpressed. He doubted whether these inventions had lessened the toil of anyone by even a single day.

This notion has been attributed to John Stuart Mill, but I do not recall the precise phrasing. Would you please help me to find a citation?

Reply from Quote Investigator: In 1848 John Stuart Mill published “Principles of Political Economy with Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy”. Mill did not believe that machines had improved the quality of life of workers in the past, but he expressed hope that they could be beneficial in the future. Boldface added to excerpt by QI:¹

Hitherto it is questionable if all the mechanical inventions yet made have lightened the day’s toil of any human being. They have enabled a greater population to live the same life of drudgery and imprisonment, and an increased number of manufacturers and others to make large fortunes. They have increased the comforts of the middle classes. But they have not yet begun to effect those great changes in human destiny, which it is in their nature and in their futurity to accomplish.

Mill has received credit for a wide variety of different phrasings for this idea. Below is an overview with dates and attributions.

Saying Origin: Labor-Saving Devices Don’t Save Labor. They Increase It

John Stuart Mill? Henry George? H. L. Mencken? C. Palfrey? J. E. Jennings? Adam Coaldigger? Anonymous?

**Illustration of the Edison multipolar dynamo from the British Library**

Question for Quote Investigator: Recent progress in artificial intelligence and robotics has led some to believe that work hours will shrink and leisure will grow. However, history suggests a different possibility.

Brilliant inventors have created a series of remarkable labor-saving devices, yet somehow people seem to be working harder than ever. This notion has been summarized with a trenchant adage:

Labor-saving machinery doesn’t really save labor.

This saying has been attributed to English philosopher John Stuart Mill, U.S. political economist Henry George, and U.S. essayist H. L. Mencken.

This counter-intuitive observation has inspired several possible explanations including the following: Machines allow more goods and services to be produced at lower prices, but this causes the needs and desires of people to grow and expand; hence, working hours have not decreased in several decades.

Would you please explore the provenance of this saying?

Reply from Quote Investigator: This saying can be expressed in many ways; hence, it is difficult to trace. John Stuart Mill articulated the central idea in 1848 although he employed a different phrasing. Here is an overview with dates and attributions:

1848: It is questionable if all the mechanical inventions yet made have lightened the day’s toil of any human being (John Stuart Mill)

1869: All the contrivances of science and art for economy of labor do not save labor, but stimulate production (C. Palfrey)

1885: All the labor-saving machinery that has hitherto been invented has not lessened the toil of a single human being (Attributed to John Stuart Mill by Henry George)

1900: No labor-saving invention has been used to save labor, but to increase it (J. E. Jennings)

1905: Labor-saving devices don’t save labor. They increase it (Anonymous)

1929: Labor-saving devices don’t save labor which is proven by the fact that men never worked as many days per annum or worked as feverishly as they have since the advent of the labor-saving devices (Adam Coaldigger)

1935: The plain fact is that labor-saving machinery doesn’t save labor at all (Howard Vincent O’Brien)

1962: Labor-saving machinery had in fact not saved any labor (Attributed to John Stuart Mill by August Heckscher)

1989: The fact is that a lot of labour-saving devices don’t really save labour (Sue Birchmore)

2008: No labor-saving device has ever saved a minute of labor! (Attributed to H. L. Mencken)

Below are details for selected citations in chronological order.