Quote Investigator® – Tracing Quotations

Quote Origin: We Should Regard It as a Privilege To Be Stepping Stones to Higher Things

Arthur C. Clarke? Isaac Asimov? Anonymous?

**Picture of stepping stones from Unsplash**

Question for Quote Investigator: Machine learning techniques have dramatically increased in power during the twenty-first century. Some contemporary thinkers fear the emergence of artificial intelligence systems which will supersede humankind. Yet, a prominent science fiction author of the previous century espoused a surprising position. The author felt no apprehension when contemplating superintelligent machines. Here are two versions of his remark:

(1) We should regard it as a privilege to be stepping stones to higher things
(2) We should be honored to be stepping stones to higher things.

Both statements have been attributed to Arthur C. Clarke who co-wrote the screenplay for the film “2001: A Space Odyssey”. Would you please help me to find a citation and determine which statement is accurate.

Reply from Quote Investigator: In September 1964 Arthur C. Clarke appeared on the BBC-2 television program “Horizon”. A companion article by Clarke appeared in “The Listener” magazine in October 1964. Clarke discussed a variety of future scenarios. He envisioned major advances in machine intelligence.

The first statement above was spoken by Clarke during the BBC-2 program. The second statement was written by Clarke in “The Listener” article. The following words were spoken during the television program. Boldface added to excepts by QI:¹

… the most intelligent inhabitants of that future world won’t be men or monkeys. They’ll be machines—the remote descendants of today’s computers. Now the present-day electronic brains are complete morons, but this will not be true in another generation. They will start to think, and eventually they will completely outthink their makers.

Is this depressing? I don’t see why it should be. We superseded the Cro-Magnon and Neanderthal men, and we presume we’re an improvement. I think we should regard it as a privilege to be stepping stones to higher things. I suspect that organic, or biological, evolution has about come to its end, and we’re now at the beginning of inorganic, or mechanical, evolution, which will be thousands of times swifter.

The text below is from the companion article by Clarke in the October 1964 issue of “The Listener” magazine. Clarke rephrased his spoken statements:²

… the most intelligent inhabitants of that future world will not be men, or animals; they will undoubtedly be machines—the remote descendants of our present computers. For all their speed and the fantastic things they can do, today’s electronic brains are mere imbeciles.

But this will not always be true; in another generation they will start to think, in every sense of the word; and ultimately they will out-think their makers. Is this depressing? I do not see why it would be. We superseded the Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons, and consider ourselves an improvement. Why should we expect to be the end of the line? On the contrary; we should be honoured to be stepping stones to higher things.

I suspect, indeed, that we have come to the end of biological or organic evolution; the future belongs to mechanical or inorganic evolution which is thousands of times swifter.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: Before You Speak, Listen. Before You Write, Think

William Shakespeare? William Arthur Ward? Rex Beach? Anonymous?

**Illustration of an ear listening from Pixabay**

Question for Quote Investigator: A miscellaneous collection of lines offering advice has implausibly been attributed to the acclaimed English playwright William Shakespeare. Here are three of the lines:

Before you speak, listen.
Before you write, think.
Before you spend, earn.

The Shakespeare ascription is clearly dubious. The lines above have also been attributed to the U.S. motivational writer and epigrammatist William Arthur Ward. Would you please explore his topic?

Reply from Quote Investigator: In 1968 William Arthur Ward published a compilation his epigrams and short passages under the title “Thoughts of a Christian Optimist”. The following item was included. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:¹

Before you speak, listen.
Before you write, think.
Before you spend, earn.
Before you invest, investigate.
Before you criticize, wait.
Before you pray, forgive.
Before you quit, try.
Before you retire, save.
Before you die, give.

Thus, William Arthur Ward deserves credit for the aggregation above although some lines were already in circulation. This passage above was later modified, supplemented, and reassigned to William Shakespeare.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: ’Twas Not My Lips You Kissed, But My Soul

Judy Garland? Anne Edwards? Barron Polan? Apocryphal?

Question for Quote Investigator: The following romantic lines present a declaration of love. They are part of a larger poem:

For it was not into my ear you whispered,
but into my heart.
It was not my lips you kissed,
but my soul.

These words have been attributed to Judy Garland, the actress and singer from the Golden Age of Hollywood. I am skeptical because I have never seen a solid citation. Would you please help me to determine the correct phrasing and attribution?

Reply from Quote Investigator: Judy Garland died in 1969. In 1974 “McCall’s” magazine published an article titled “Under the Rainbow: The Lost Childhood of Judy Garland” by Anne Edwards. The article was an excerpt from a forthcoming biography by Edwards who later became known as “The Queen of Biography” for publishing books about Maria Callas, Shirley Temple, Vivien Leigh, Barbra Streisand, and others. The article discussed the literary aspirations of Judy Garland:¹

As Christmas, 1939, approached, she decided that when her contract was over she would become a writer. She spoke to her close friend, Barron Polan, telling him, “There are just so many things locked up in my head. I feel that if there was a can opener that could open my brain, all these thinkings and feelings would gush out like some unstoppable water tap.”

Polan encouraged Garland to write down her thoughts, and she did:

By Christmastime she had enough to fill a small book. In perhaps one of her first totally private acts she hand-copied the poetry, giving the copy to a printer to bind in tan leather. She gave it to Barron Polan for Christmas, and Polan has held on to the book throughout the years.

One poem in Garland’s book was titled “My Love Is Lost”. The text was reprinted in “McCall’s” magazine. Here are some lines from the poem which is about the disappearance of love. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:²

My love is lost.
…
Now, nothing but memories of every smile, every kiss, and, above all, every word.
For ’twas not into my ear you whispered but into my heart.
’Twas not my lips you kissed, but my soul.

The original lines by Garland used the literary contraction ’twas instead of “it was”.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: In Physics, Almost Everything Is Already Discovered, and All That Remains Is to Fill a Few Unimportant Holes

Philipp von Jolly? Max Planck? George Gamow? Neil de Grasse Tyson? Richard Feynman? Ian Stewart? Apocryphal?

**Depiction of a plasma ball from Hal Gatewood at Unsplash**

Question for Quote Investigator: According to legend, a talented student asked a prominent physicist about the future of his field, and the response was thoroughly discouraging:

Almost everything is already discovered, and all that remains is to fill a few unimportant holes.

Reportedly, the student was Max Planck who eventually became a Nobel-prize- winning quantum physicist. Would you please explore the authenticity of this anecdote? Who was the pessimistic physicist?

Reply from Quote Investigator: In 1924 Max Planck was a Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Berlin in Germany. He delivered a guest lecture at the University of Munich. Planck recounted his experience as a student when he approached experimental physicist Philipp von Jolly to learn more about his future career. The conversation with Jolly occurred sometime between 1874 when Planck began his studies and 1879 when he defended his PhD thesis. The following passage in German is followed by an English rendering. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:¹

Als ich meine physikalischen Studien begann und bei meinem ehrwürdigen Lehrer Philipp v Jolly wegen der Bedingungen und Aussichten meines Studiums mir Rat erholte, schilderte mir dieser die Physik als eine hochentwickelte, nahezu voll ausgereifte Wissenschaft, die nunmehr, nachdem ihr durch die Entdeckung des Prinzips der Erhaltung der Energie gewissermaßen die Krone aufgesetzt sei, wohl bald ihre endgültige stabile Form angenommen haben würde. Wohl gäbe es vielleicht in einem oder dem anderen Winkel noch ein Stäubchen oder ein Bläschen zu prüfen und einzuordnen, aber das System als Ganzes stehe ziemlich gesichert da, und die theoretische Physik nähere sich merklich demjenigen Grade der Vollendung, wie ihn etwa die Geometrie schon seit Jahrhunderten besitze.

When I began my studies in physics and sought the advice of my esteemed teacher, Philipp von Jolly, regarding the conditions and prospects of my studies, he described physics to me as a highly developed, nearly fully mature science—one which, now that the discovery of the principle of the conservation of energy had, as it were, placed the crown upon it, would likely soon assume its final, stable form. While there might perhaps remain a speck of dust or a bubble here or there to be examined and classified, the system as a whole stood quite secure, and theoretical physics was perceptibly approaching that degree of perfection which, for instance, geometry had already possessed for centuries.

QI believes that the short quotation under examination was not spoken by Philipp von Jolly or Max Planck; instead, the modern quotation was created by an unknown person as a paraphrase of the passage above.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: Laughter Is the Shortest Distance Between Two People

Victor Borge? Mary S. Taylor? Roy L. Smith? Jay Freeman? Walter Winchell? Anonymous?

**Picture of a joyful group of people in silhouette from Unsplash**

Question for Quote Investigator: The bonds between people can be enhanced when they laugh together. The following saying reflects this viewpoint:

Laughter is the shortest distance between two people.

This statement has been attributed to the Danish-American comedian and pianist Victor Borge. I have not been able to find a solid citation. Would you please help?

Reply from Quote Investigator: In 1972 Associated Press journalist Vivian Brown interviewed Victor Borge at his waterfront home, and Borge employed an exact match for this statement. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:¹

Laughter is the shortest distance between two people, commented comedian and concert pianist, Victor Borge. We should laugh more to enjoy our families and our work.

During the 1960s Borge employed variants of this expression during his performances using the words “smile”, “humor”, “laughter”, “persons”, and “people”. The sayings evolved from a larger family of expressions which began circulating near the beginning of the twentieth century.

Here is an overview with dates and attributions:

1909 Jun: A chord of sympathy is the shortest distance between two hearts (Mary S. Taylor)

1915 Apr: What is a smile? The shortest distance between two ears (Anonymous)

1924 Feb: A Flower Valentine … is the shortest distance between two hearts (Advertisement for florist James Weir)

1932 Aug: A smile is the shortest distance between two hearts (Reverend Roy L. Smith)

1937 Apr: Love is the shortest distance between two hearts (Attributed to Jay Freeman by Walter Winchell)

1965 Nov: Laughter is the shortest distance between two persons (Victor Borge)

1966 Apr: A smile is the shortest distance between two people (Victor Borge)

1966 Jun: What is humor? The shortest distance of truth between two people (Victor Borge)

1966 Jul: The shortest distance between two people is a smile (Victor Borge)

1972 Jun: Laughter is the shortest distance between two people (Victor Borge)

Below are details for selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: Do Not Confine Your Children to Your Own Learning, for They Were Born in Another Time

Rabindranath Tagore? Rabbinic Saying? Arabic Proverb? Talmud? A. Huebsch? Leo Rosten? Anonymous?

**Group of children in silhouette from Unsplash**

Question for Quote Investigator: Knowledge accumulates, and the education of each generation of children must include the latest information and capabilities. Here are two versions of a saying that expresses this idea:

(1) Do not confine your children to your own learning, for they were born in another time.

(2) Don’t limit a child to your own learning, for he was born in another time.

This notion has been attributed to the Bengali sage Rabindranath Tagore. The statement has also been called a Rabbinical saying and an Arabic Proverb. Would you please explore the provenance of this expression?

Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match found by QI appeared in an 1877 book titled “Gems of the Orient” which contained sayings compiled and translated by Reverend A. Huebsch. The saying occurred in a part of the volume titled “Arabic Proverbs and Sentences”. The precise source of the saying was not specified. Here are four statements from the subsection about “Children”. Boldface added to excepts by QI:¹

Do not confine your children to your own learning, for they were born in another time.

By much falling the child learns to walk.

From the rose proceeds a thorn, from the thorn a rose. (Said of the diversity between parents and children.)

Be submissive in thy childhood that thou mayest be respected in thy old age.

In 1894 “Good Housekeeping” magazine printed a collection of miscellaneous sayings under the title “The Family Scrap Basket” including the following three items:²

What class of tradesmen succeed best by going to the wall? Paper hangers.

He is a gallant man, indeed, who always stands up for women—in a street car.

Do not confine your children to your own learning, for they were born in another time.

In 1900 the saying appeared in “Wit and Wisdom of the Talmud” edited by Madison C. Peters. Here are four statements from a section titled “Duties Between Parents and Children”:³

Do not confine your children to your own learning, for they were born in another time.

Where the children honor their parents, there God dwells, there He is honored.

Parental love should be impartial; one child must not be preferred to the other.

The three citations above demonstrate the uncertain origin of the saying. The creator remains anonymous. The saying seems to be either Arabic or Rabbinic. QI hopes that future research will help to clarify the origin.

The earliest attribution to Rabindranath Tagore found by QI appeared in 2008 which is an extremely late date.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Adage Origin: Nobody Notices When Things Go Right

M. Zimmerman? Paul Dickson? Allan L. Otten? Bob Garing? Futurama? Anonymous?

**A stack of balanced rocks from Unsplash**

Question for Quote Investigator: The loudest and most voluble commentators often combine relentless criticism with meager praise. An unhappy worker crafted the following adage:

Nobody notices when things go right.

This statement is sometimes called “Zimmerman’s Law of Complaints”. Do you know anything about this Zimmerman? Would you please explore this topic?

Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match found by QI appeared in the 1978 book “The Official Rules: The Definitive, Annotated Collection of Laws, Principles, and Instructions for Dealing with the Real World” compiled by Paul Dickson:¹

Zimmerman’s Law of Complaints. Nobody notices when things go right. (M. Zimmerman. AO.)

The label “AO” pointed to additional information about the authorship of this rule. The book’s section about sources specified the following for “AO”:

AO Allan L. Otten of The Wall Street Journal. From his files and columns on the subject.

Thus, Paul Dickson received the rule from Allan L. Otten who credited M. Zimmerman. QI does not know the full first name of Zimmerman. The book contains only one rule/law from Zimmerman.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: It Was Worse Than a Crime; It Was a Blunder

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord? Joseph Fouché? Antoine Boulay de la Meurthe? Napoleon Bonaparte? Jean-Gabriel Peltier? Germaine de Staël? Emmanuel Comte de Las Cases? Walter Scott? Ralph Waldo Emerson?

Question for Quote Investigator: In 1804 the Duke of Enghien was accused of aiding Britain and plotting against Napoleon. Enghien was found guilty and executed. This rapid and brutal action shocked the aristocrats of Europe. Here are two versions of a famous response to this event in French and English:

(1) C’est plus qu’un crime, c’est une faute.
(2) C’est pire qu’un crime, c’est une faute.

(A) It is more than a crime; it is a blunder.
(B) It is worse than a crime; it is a blunder.

This remark has been attributed to the diplomat Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, the police chief Joseph Fouché, the magistrate Antoine Boulay de la Meurthe, and the military leader Napoleon Bonaparte. Would you please explore this topic?

Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match found by QI appeared in 1807 within the periodical “L’Ambigu: ou Variétés Littéraires et Politiques” (“The Ambiguous: or Literary and Political Varieties”) which was edited by the French journalist Jean-Gabriel Peltier and published in London. An article attributed the saying to Antoine Boulay de la Meurthe. Below is an excerpt in French followed by an English translation. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:¹

… on ne peut se dispenser de citer ici un mot froidement atroce de Boulay (de la Meurthe) conseiller d’état, à qui quelqu’un disait : je pense que la mort du Duc d’Enghien est un crime inutile. C’est bien plus qu’un crime, s’écria Boulay, c’est une faute !

… we cannot refrain from quoting here a coldly atrocious remark made by Boulay (de la Meurthe), a Councilor of State, to whom someone said: “I believe that the death of the Duke of Enghien is a pointless crime.” “It is far more than a crime,” exclaimed Boulay; “it is a blunder!”

Based on the citation above, Antoine Boulay de la Meurthe is the most likely creator of this saying. Joseph Fouché is the second most likely creator. Fouché received credit by 1813. Talleyrand received credit in 1822, and Napoleon received credit in 1844.

Below are details for additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: A Hero Has the Wisdom and the Maturity to Use the Power Wisely

Christopher Reeve? David Michael Petrou? Clark Kent? Kal-El? Apocryphal?

**Silhouette of a person from Unsplash**

Question for Quote Investigator: An actor who played Superman was asked about the enduring popularity of the character. The actor stated that the appeal was not based solely on power. Instead, true heroism was shown by the wisdom and maturity displayed while wielding power. Would you please help me to find the correct phrasing of this quotation and the identity of the actor?

Reply from Quote Investigator: An influential depiction of superheroism appeared in the 1978 film “Superman”. Producer David Michael Petrou published a companion book titled “The Making of Superman: The Movie” in the same year. Petrou spoke to actor Christopher Reeve who had been selected to play the role of Superman and his alter ego Clark Kent / Kal-El:¹

As much as he looked the part, however, Chris made it clear when he talked to me later on the set that the film Superman would have to have greater depth of character than the comic-book figure.

Reeves continued his remarks with a statement about power:

So what I’m trying to do is to go way under. If the script calls for incredible feats, all I have to do is . . . just simply do them. What makes Superman a hero is not that he has power, but that he has the wisdom and the maturity to use the power wisely. From an acting point of view, that’s how I approach the part.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.

Quote Origin: Change the Way You Look at Things, and the Things You Look at Change

Wayne Dyer? Max Planck? Benjamin Wheeler? Gilda Wheeler? Wendy Church? Anonymous?

**Crystal sphere at the beach from Unsplash**

Question for Quote Investigator: When you change your viewpoint on life the entire world can be altered. Carefully deciding where to focus your attention and your efforts is crucial to leading a successful life. Here is a pertinent adage:

Change the way you look at things, and the things you look at change.

This saying has been attributed to two very different people: U.S. self-help author Wayne Dyer and German theoretical physicist Max Planck. I have not seen a solid citation, and I am skeptical of these attributions. Would you please explore this topic?

Reply from Quote Investigator: QI has found no substantive evidence that Max Planck said or wrote this remark. Planck died in 1947.

In 2004 Wayne Dyer published “The Power of Intention: Learning to Co-Create Your World Your Way”. The tenth chapter began with the following passage. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:¹

One of my secrets for feeling successful and attracting bountiful abundance into my life has been an internal axiom that I use virtually every day of my life. It goes like this: Change the way you look at things, and the things you look at change. This has always worked for me.

The truth of this little maxim is actually found in the field of quantum physics, which, according to some, is a subject that’s not only stranger than you think it is, it’s stranger than you can think.

QI believes that Wayne Dyer deserves credit for the quotation under examination.

Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.