Samuel Johnson? James Boswell? Robert J. Hanlon? Apocryphal?
Signs displaying the words LIE and TRUTH from Pixabay
Question for Quote Investigator: Misquotations and misattributions are prevalent online, but people who are presenting this faulty information are rarely lying deliberately. Instead, they are naively repeating misinformation they have encountered in the past. The famous English lexicographer Samuel Johnson once said something pertinent which contrasted “carelessness about truth” versus “intentional lying”. Would you please help me to find a citation?
Reply from Quote Investigator: Biographer James Boswell published “The Life of Samuel Johnson” in 1791. Boswell recounted an episode from 1778 during which Johnson spoke to a hostess about the need to educate children to scrupulously avoid lying. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:1
Next morning, while we were at breakfast, Johnson gave a very earnest recommendation of what he himself practised with the utmost conscientiousness:
I mean a strict attention to truth, even in the most minute particulars. “Accustom your children (said he) constantly to this; if a thing happened at one window, and they, when relating it, say that it happened at another, do not let it pass, but instantly check them; you do not know where deviation from truth will end.”
BOSWELL. “It may come to the door; and when once an account is at all varied in one circumstance, it may by degrees be varied so as to be totally different from what really happened.”
Our lively hostess, whose fancy was impatient of the rein, fidgeted at this, and ventured to say, “Nay, this is too much. If Mr. Johnson should forbid me to drink tea, I would comply, as I should feel the restraint only twice a day; but little variations in narrative must happen a thousand times a day, if one is not perpetually watching.”
JOHNSON: “Well, Madam, and you ought to be perpetually watching. It is more from carelessness about truth than from intentional lying, that there is so much falsehood in the world.”
A separate Quote Investigator article (which is available here) explores a thematically related expression: “Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity”.
Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.
Mignon McLaughlin? Curzon Cooper? Robert Byrne? Apocryphal?
Question marks representing lost objects. Illustration from Pixabay
Question for Quote Investigator: Whenever I lose an item it suddenly becomes very important. The item is exactly what I need to complete a vital task. This experience is reflected in the following quip:
Anything you lose automatically doubles in value.
Would you please determine who originated this quip?
Reply from Quote Investigator: Mignon McLaughlin was a writer and editor at magazines such as “The Atlantic Monthly”, “Glamour”, and “Vogue” for four decades from the 1940s to the 1970s. In 1966 she published “The Second Neurotic’s Notebook” which contained miscellaneous aphorisms such as the following three statements. Boldface added to excepts by QI:1
A sense of humor is a major defense against minor troubles. It’s easier to part with a friend than an opinion. Anything you lose automatically doubles in value.
Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.
David Foster Wallace? Richard Feynman? Sally Grant? Herb Caen? Wes Craven? Garrison Keillor? Henry J. Tillman? Graffito? Anonymous?
Picture of chemistry equipment from Pixabay
Question for Quote Investigator: Chemists have taken the popular saying (A) and converted it into the comical remark (B).
(A) If you’re not part of the solution you’re part of the problem. (B) If you’re not part of the solution you’re part of the precipitate.
This joke has been attributed to the prominent U.S. novelist David Foster Wallace, the famous U.S. physicist Richard Feynman, and others. Would you please explore the provenance of this statement?
Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match known to QI appeared in 1969 within “The Gateway”, the student newspaper of the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada. The quip was split between the leftmost and rightmost columns within the header of the front page. No attribution was specified. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:1
if you’re not part of the solution you’re part of the precipitate
The originator of this quip remains anonymous. David Foster Wallace included it in a short story in 1988. Horror moviemaker Wes Craven included it in a novel in 1999. Interestingly, Craven credited Richard Feynman, but QI believes this attribution was invented. Raconteur Garrison Keillor included the remark in a joke book in 2009.
A separate QI article located here examines the adage “If you’re not part of the solution you’re part of the problem”.
Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.
Eldridge Cleaver? Harry Emerson Fosdick? Edna G. Fuller? Anonymous?
Illustration of puzzle pieces from Pixabay
Question for Quote Investigator: The world faces many difficulties, and each of us must shoulder the responsibility for helping to solve or ameliorate these difficulties. Here are three versions of a pertinent adage:
(1) Each individual is either part of the problem or part of the answer. (2) You and I are either part of the solution or part of the problem. (3) If you’re not part of the solution you’re part of the problem.
This saying has been attributed to U.S. pastor Harry Emerson Fosdick and U.S. activist Eldridge Cleaver. I have not seen any solid citations. Would you please explore the provenance of this expression?
Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match known to QI appeared in the “Columbia Daily Spectator” of New York on October 16, 1936 within an advertisement for a church service conducted by Reverend Harry Emerson Fosdick. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:1
The Riverside Church Riverside Drive and 122nd Street
11 A. M. Morning Worship Harry Emerson Fosdick “ARE WE PART OF THE PROBLEM OR THE ANSWER?
On October 27, 1936 “The Windsor Daily Star” of Ontario, Canada published a column containing the following:2
In a world which turns so quickly to the lure of pleasing generalities, it is well to pause and think deeply of whether each one, as an individual, is a part of the problem or a part of the answer, says Rev. Harry Emerson Fosdick, D.D., pastor of Riverside Church, New York City.
QI believes that Harry Emerson Fosdick deserves credit for originating this family of sayings. During the 1930s several different phrasings were attributed to him. Eldridge Cleaver employed the saying by 1968.
Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.
In November 1936 “The Meriden Daily Journal” of Connecticut published a guide to upcoming radio broadcasts. The sermon by Fosdick was broadcast on local radio station WJZ:3
WJZ-Are We Part of the Problem or of the Answer? — Harry Emerson Fosdick.
On December 3, 1936 a columnist in “The York Dispatch” mentioned the saying twice while crediting Fosdick:4
Whether we think so or not, you and I are either problems or parts of the answer to that problem. This fact was brought forcibly to those of us who listen to evening vespers conducted by Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick each Sunday afternoon. . . . Whether we lend our influence to the side of revolution or constructive building, we are a part of the problem or a part of the answer.
On December 12, 1936 “Intelligencer Journal” of Lancaster, Pennsylvania printed another version:5
On which side are you throwing your influence in this matter? Are you, as Dr. Fosdick says, a part of this great problem, even tho’ only in what you may regard as little ways, or are you a part of its solution?
In June 1937 “The Tampa Daily Times” of Florida printed an instance while crediting Fosdick:6
One thing is clear, man is more often the problem than the world he has created. Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick asks, “Are you a part of the great problem of life, or are you a part of the solution of the problem?” Everyone decides in the course of his life whether he is going to make a world, or let the world make him.
In August 1937 “The Daily Journal-Gazette” of Mattoon, Illinois credited Fosdick with another instance:7
Harry Emerson Fosdick says, “A man is either a part of the problem or a part of the answer.” Where does that put You? — in the Home, in the Church, in the Community, are you a part of the problem or a part of the answer?
In November 1937 “The Gettysburg Times” of Pennsylvania reported on a speech delivered by Reverend Gerald Neely of Christ Lutheran Church:8
He declared that the responsibilities of life must be accepted with its rewards and held that each individual must answer the question — Am I a part of this world’s problem or a part of the answer to that problem?”
In 1938 “The Sunday Sentinel-Star” of Orlando, Florida printed a quotation from a speech delivered by Edna G. Fuller:9
Mrs. Fuller’s talk dealt with the political responsibility of every woman towards her community and she stressed the necessity of supporting the right candidates and the right measures, epitomizing her subject by saying that “by our attitude, we determine whether we are a part of the political problem or a part of its solution.”
In 1941 Harry Emerson Fosdick published “Living Under Tension: Sermons on Christianity Today”, and he included a religious version of the saying:10
We need Christ’s radical remedy . . . within ourselves the gospel of forgiveness and power — those two, forgiveness and power — by which, one by one, men and women are transferred from being part of the problem to being part of the solution.
In 1944 Minister Edwin F. Shake wrote an article in the “Seymour Daily Tribune” of Indiana, and he employed the saying:11
The world is desperately seeking a solution to its problem of how to prevent war and establish an abiding peace. It is the greatest problem before the world at this hour. Every man and woman in the land is either a part of the problem, or a part of its solution.
In 1952 Harry L. Bryson of the American Farm Bureau Federation delivered a speech in Macungie, Pennsylvania, and he employed a version that began with “if”:12
He urged everyone to study the issues and make the proper decisions adding a final warning note. “If you are not part of the solution you are part of the problem.”
In March 1968 Paul Yearout employed the adage when he delivered a speech at the South Salem High School of Salem, Oregon:13
“You are without a doubt the finest generation ever to come up. But you’ve got to come up with intelligent decisions, not throw your life away. “Either you’re part of the problem or you’re part of the solution.”
By July 1968 the adage was being used as a motto for the U.S. government service program VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America):14
“If you’re not part of the solution, you’re part of the problem.” (VISTA)
In September 1968 the “Chicago Tribune” printed an editorial with a quotation ascribed to Eldridge Cleaver:15
“If you ain’t part of the solution, you part of the problem, you dig? There’s no more middle ground. We gonna provide a situation that’s gonna force the Babylonians to deal with it.”
In October 1968 Eldridge Cleaver spoke at Stanford University in California. He used the expression but disclaimed authorship:16
Because it’s been said that today, you’re part of the solution or you’re part of the problem. There is no more middle ground, because the problem is rampant, the problem is a problem of survival, of blood, of your heart beating, of the hearts of people continuing to beat.
A separate QI article located here examines the humorous saying “If you are not part of the solution then you’re part of the precipitate”.
In conclusion, QI believes that Harry Emerson Fosdick deserves credit for originating this family of sayings. He used instances on multiple occasions, and during the 1930s he received credit for several different phrasings. Many people used different versions of the adage during subsequent decades including Eldridge Cleaver.
Image Notes: Illustration of puzzle pieces from PIRO4D at Pixabay. The image has been cropped.
Acknowledgements: Great thanks to Steve Robinson whose inquiry led QI to formulate this question and perform this exploration. Special thanks to Simon Koppel who told QI about the first citation dated October 16, 1936. Additional thanks to previous researchers including Ralph Keyes, Nigel Rees, Jennifer Speake, Charles Clay Doyle, Wolfgang Mieder, and Fred R. Shapiro. “The Dictionary of Modern Proverbs” explored this saying and found citations beginning in 1937. Also, thanks to SKMurphy who suggested linking this article to the QI article about the quip mentioning precipitate.
Update History: On June 13, 2023 the citations dated October 16, 1936 and November 21, 1936 were added to the article. In June 29, 2023 a link to a variant quip was added. On May 3, 2024 the format of the bibliographical notes was updated. Also, the full article was placed on this website.
1936 October 16, Columbia Daily Spectator, Volume LX, Number 17, Section: Religious Announcements, Advertisement: The Riverside Church at Riverside Drive and 122nd Street, Quote Page 2, Column 4, New York. (Columbia Spectator Archive; accessed on June 13, 2023; website:spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu) link↩︎
1936 October 27, The Windsor Daily Star, As We See It by W. L. Clark, The Lure of Generalities, Quote Page 2, Column 1, Windsor, Ontario, Canada. (Newspapers_com) link↩︎
1936 November 21, The Meriden Daily Journal, Journal Radio Programs, Tomorrow P.M., Time: 4:00, Radio Station: WJZ, Quote Page 7, Column 2, Meriden, Connecticut. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
1936 December 3, The York Dispatch, Musings of a Traveling Man, Quote Page 6, Column 5 and 6, York, Pennsylvania. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
1936 December 12, Intelligencer Journal, Dr. Twombly Calls Upon Christians To Save Moral Standards Of U.S. (Continuation title: Dr. Twombly), Start Page 1, Quote Page 14, Column 7, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
1937 June 5, The Tampa Daily Times, Attend Your Church Sunday!: Are You Making a World Or Is the World Making You? by Adiel J. Moncrief Jr., Quote Page 6, Column 6, Tampa, Florida. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
1937 August 13, The Daily Journal-Gazette, Church Notices and Sermon (Filler item), Quote Page 4, Column 8, Mattoon, Illinois. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
1937 November 12, The Gettysburg Times, Flaharty New President of Adams Bankers, Quote Page 1, Column 4, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
1938 November 6, The Sunday Sentinel-Star, Section: Society, Women’s Clubs of County Adopt Resolutions, Quote Page 3, Column 1, Orlando, Florida. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
1941, Living Under Tension: Sermons on Christianity Today by Harry Emerson Fosdick, Sermon: The Modern World’s Rediscovery of Sin, Start Page 112, Quote Page 120, Harper & Brothers, New York. (Verified with scans) ↩︎
1944 January 22, Seymour Daily Tribune, Section: Churches, First Methodist Church, Minister Edwin F. Shake, Quote Page 3, Column 1, Seymour, Indiana. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
1952 June 6, The Morning Call, Emmaus Rotary Host to Rural, Urban Program, Quote Page 44, Column 7, Allentown, Pennsylvania. (ProQuest) ↩︎
1968 March 22, Capital Journal, Boy, Does He Communicate by Alfred Jones (Capital Journal Reporter), Section 2, Quote Page 2, Column 5, Salem, Oregon. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
1968 July 29, San Antonio Express, Hemisfair Today, Quote Page 1, Column 1, San Antonio, Texas. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
1968 September 22, Chicago Tribune, Editorial: The Death Wish at Berkeley, Quote Page 24, Column 2, Chicago, Illinois. (Newspapers_com) ↩︎
1969, Eldridge Cleaver: Post-Prison Writings and Speeches, Edited by Robert Scheer, Chapter: Stanford Speech, Start Page 113, Quote Page 130, Date: October 1, 1968, A Ramparts Book: Random House, New York. (Verified with scans) ↩︎
Lilian Braithwaite? James Agate? Walter Winchell? Apocryphal?
Portrait of Lillian Braithwaite circa 1902
Question for Quote Investigator: A prominent drama critic in London once told a top actress that she was the second most beautiful woman in the United Kingdom. The critic expected her to ask for the identity of the most beautiful woman, but she wittily replied that she would treasure the compliment because it was coming from the second best drama critic. Would you please explore the provenance of this repartee?
Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match located by QI appeared in “The Daily Telegraph” of London in March 1932. The two figures in the anecdote were English theatre critic James Agate and English actress Lilian Braithwaite:1
“A little while ago,” said Mr. Agate, “I was fortunate enough to find myself alone with Miss Braithwaite. I hastened to avail myself of this rare opportunity.
“‘My dear lady,’ I said, ‘May I tell you something I have wanted to tell you for years: that you are the second most beautiful woman in the United Kingdom?’
“I naturally expected that Miss Braithwaite would ask who, in my opinion, was the woman who came before her. And I had prepared myself with a name to which it would have been interesting to see Miss Braithwaite’s reaction.
“But she asked no such question. She merely looked at me with her charming smile and said, ‘Thank you. I shall always cherish that, as coming from the second-best dramatic critic.’”
Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.
Albert Einstein? Wernher von Braun? Max Planck? Charlie Munger? Ezekiel Landau? Jacob ben Wolf Kranz? Apocryphal?
Stylized time-lapse image taken through a windshield from Unsplash
Question for Quote Investigator: A humorous anecdote describes a brilliant person who has been invited by many organizations to deliver a lecture about their esoteric work. After successfully delivering lectures in multiple venues the person becomes bored and open to change. High jinks ensue when the lecturer and their chauffeur secretly swap places.
The chauffeur delivers a flawless speech while the brilliant person sits near the front disguised as the chauffeur. A tense moment occurs when an audience member asks a difficult question. The quick-witted chauffeur replies:
Your question is interesting, but the answer is remarkably simple. Hence, I’m going to ask my chauffeur to respond.
The role of the brilliant person in this tale has been assigned to several different people including theoretical physicist Albert Einstein, aerospace engineer Wernher von Braun, quantum physicist Max Planck, and Rabbi Ezekiel Landau. Would you please explore the provenance of this story.
Reply from Quote Investigator: The earliest match located by QI appeared in 1926 within “Laughs from Jewish Lore” compiled by Jacob Richman. The brilliant person in this version of the story was a prominent rabbi. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:1
It was the custom of Rabbi Ezekiel Landau, of Prague, to make semi-annual trips to the communities suburban to his city, and render his services in settling their religious and economic problems.
His driver was a jolly man and he often took the liberty to jest with his famous master. “Rabbi,” he once facetiously remarked, “I tell you that my task requires more skill than yours. I could settle the petty squabbles of the tiny hamlets just as well as you, but you couldn’t do my work.”
The ecclesiastical passenger accepted the challenge, and the two exchanged their clothes and their positions on the wagon, continuing their journey incognito.
Arriving in the first village the “rabbi” was welcomed by a committee of prominent men, who escorted him to the house of one of their leading citizens. After having dined with the guest, the representative men of the community brought before the consideration of the visiting “rabbi” some difficult problem that had been baffling the best minds of the community for a long time.
The pseudo-rabbi heard the query with great solemnity, and shrugged his shoulders, evidently wondering at the ignorance of his interlocutors.
“You have asked me a very, very silly question,” he finally remarked. “Even my driver can answer that. Here he is, ask him.”
QI hypothesizes that this family of anecdotes was derived from Jewish folklore. The stories were meant to be humorous and not veridical. The creator of the original tale remains unknown.
Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.
James M. Wallace? Erwin Frand? Gary Davis? Burt Reynolds? Anonymous?
Picture representing speed from Unsplash
Question for Quote Investigator: Buyers always want products to be constructed with the highest quality, manufactured at the fastest speed, and priced at the lowest cost. Frustrated sellers assert that only two of those objectives can be achieved at the same time. The buyer must select only two out of three. This notion has been expressed compactly in the following ways:
(1) Quality. Speed. Price. Choose any two. (2) Good, Fast, Cheap. Pick any two.
Would you please explore the provenance of this saying?
Reply from Quote Investigator: This saying is difficult to trace because it can be expressed in many ways. The earliest match known to QI appeared in the 1980 book “The Official Explanations” compiled by Paul Dickson. Credit was given to James M. Wallace of Minneapolis who stated that the adage applied particularly to advertising and print shops. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:1
Wallace’s Two-out-of-Three Theory. SPEED QUALITY PRICE Pick any Two.
Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.
Museum Sign? Park Sign? Boy Scout Adage? Sierra Club Motto? Spelunkers Adage? Conrad L. Wirth? Anonymous?
Cliffs at Bandelier National Monument from Unsplash
Question for Quote Investigator: Humans are now visiting remote and pristine locations around the globe. People are drawn to beautiful, historic, memorable, scenic, and enigmatic locales. A crucial admonition is impressed on visitors to these significant places. Here are two instances from this family of sayings:
(1) Take only memories; leave only footprints. (2) Take nothing but photographs. Leave nothing but footprints.
Would you please explore the provenance of this guidance?
Reply from Quote Investigator: This advice is difficult to trace because it can be expressed in many ways. The earliest close match located by QI appeared in July 1954 within an article published in a Cameron, Missouri newspaper about Bandelier National Monument in New Mexico. This U.S. park features cliff dwellings and petroglyphs. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:1
The museum contains numerous examples of Indian culture and art. A sign says: “Take nothing but pictures, leave nothing but footprints.”
Thus, the earliest evidence suggests that the U.S. National Park service popularized this guidance by 1954, but the originator remains anonymous.
Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.
F. Scott Fitzgerald? Aubrey Grey? Harriett G. Hancock? Apocryphal? Anonymous?
Balloons with smiles and frowns from Unsplash
Question for Quote Investigator: A smile can raise the spirits of oneself and others. This thought has been conveyed as follows:
It was only a sunny smile, and little it cost in the giving, but like morning light, it scattered the night and made the day worth living.
These words have been attributed to the prominent U.S. novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald, but I have never seen a solid citation, and I have become skeptical. Would you please explore the provenance of this statement?
Reply from Quote Investigator:QI has found no substantive support for the ascription to F. Scott Fitzgerald who was born in 1896.
The earliest strong match located by QI appeared in March 1893 within a poem titled “Only” published in “The Western Teacher: A Monthly Journal for Progressive Teachers” of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Below are the first two verses of the four verse poem. The author was not identified. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:1
It was only a sunny smile, And little it cost in the giving; But it scattered the night Like morning light, And made the day worth living. Through life’s dull warp a woof it wove In shining colors of hope and love; And the angels smiled as they watched above. Yet little it cost in the giving.
It was only a kindly word, A word that was lightly spoken; Yet not in vain, For it stilled the pain Of a heart that was nearly broken. It strengthened a faith beset by fears And groping blindly through mists of tears For light to brighten the coming years, Although it was lightly spoken.
The poem above was widely reprinted in subsequent years, but QI has been unable to determine the author. Thus, the creator of the quotation under examination remains anonymous.
Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.
Voltaire? Mark Twain? Richard Brinsley Sheridan? John Bright? Apocryphal? Anonymous?
Scales of justice illustration from Pixabay
Question for Quote Investigator: Legal conflicts are extraordinarily expensive and time-consuming for all the participants. Even the winner of a lawsuit can suffer financially. The ill-fated contender in two legal entanglements once said something like the following. Here are two versions. The word “gained” is a synonym for “won” in the second statement:
(1) I have been ruined only twice: once when I lost a lawsuit, and once when I won one. (2) I never was ruined but twice; once when I gained a lawsuit, and once when I lost it.
This quip has been attributed to the famous wits Voltaire (pen name of François-Marie Arouet) and Mark Twain (pen name of Samuel Clemens); however, I have never seen a solid citation, and I have become skeptical. Would you please explore this topic?
Reply from Quote Investigator: There is no substantive support for the ascription to Mark Twain who died in 1910. The attribution to Twain appeared by 2014.
Researchers have been unable to find this saying in the writings or speeches of Voltaire. The valuable 2021 reference “The Quotable Voltaire” edited by Garry Apgar and Edward M. Langille contains a germane entry which states the following:1
Attributed to Voltaire, almost certainly apocryphal
Voltaire died in 1778, and the earliest strong match located by QI appeared many years later in June 1826 within “The Sun” newspaper of London. A column titled “Fashionable – Intelligence” printed a miscellaneous collection of items including the following. Boldface added to excerpts by QI:2
BEAUTIES OF LAW.—“I never,” said Voltaire, “was ruined but twice, once, when I gained a law suit; and once, when I lost it.”
QI believes that the current evidence supporting the attribution to Voltaire is inadequate, and the originator of the quip remains anonymous.
Below are additional selected citations in chronological order.
